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Konvention om en uppförandekod för linjekonferenser

Convention on a Code of Conduct for Liner Conferences

Osapuolet

• ALANKOMAAT

  Sitoutumispäivä: -
  Voimaantulopäivä: -
  Varauma:

  Alueellinen soveltaminen: Sovelletaan my�s Arubaan 1.1.1986 lukien.
  
  Alankomaat on irtisanonut sopimuksen Euroopassa sijaitsevan kuningaskunnan osalta 25.7.2011. Irtisanominen tulee voimaan 25.7.2012.

• ALGERIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 12.12.1986 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: -

• ARUBA

  Sitoutumispäivä: -
  Voimaantulopäivä: 01.01.1986

• BANGLADESH

  Sitoutumispäivä: 24.07.1975 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 06.10.1983

• BARBADOS

  Sitoutumispäivä: 29.10.1980 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 06.10.1983

• BELGIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 30.09.1987 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: -
  Varauma:

  Upon signature:
  Under Belgian law, the Convention must be approved by the legislative chambers before it can be ratified.
  In due course, the Belgian Government will submit this Convention to the legislative chambers for ratification, with the express reservation that its implementation should not be contrary to the commitments undertaken by Belgium under the Treaty of Rome establishing the European Economic Commun- ity and the OECD Code of Liberalisation of invisible trade, and taking into account any reservations it may deem fit to make to the provisions of this Convention.
  Upon ratification:
  I. Reservations:
  1. For the purposes of the Code of Conduct, the term "national shipping line" may, in the case of a State member of the European Economic Community, include any vessel-operating shipping line established on the territory of that member State, in accordance with the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community.
  2. (a) Without prejudice to paragraph (b) of this reserva- tion, Article 2 of the Code of Conduct shall not be applied in conference trades between States members of the Community and, on a reciprocal basis, between these States and other OECD countries which are parties to the Code:
  (b) Point (a) shall not affect the opportunities for participation as third country shipping lines in such trades, in accordance with the principles reflected in Article 2 of the Code, of the shipping lines of a developing country which are recognized as national shipping lines under the Code and which are:
  (i) Already members of a conference serving these trades, or
  (ii) Admitted to such a conference under Article 1 (3) of the Code.
  3. Articles 3 and 14 (9) of the Code of Conduct shall not be applied in conference trades between the States members of the Community and, on a reciprocal basis, between these States and other OECD countries which are parties to the Code.
  4. In trades to which Article 3 of the Code of Conduct applies, the last sentence of that Article is interpreted as meaning that:
  (a) The two groups of national shipping lines will co-ordinate their positions before voting on matters concerning the trade between their two countries;
  (b) This sentence applies solely to matters which the confer- ence agreement identifies as requiring the assent of both groups of national shipping lines concerned, and not to all matters covered by the conference agreement.
  II. Declarations:
  1. In accordance with the Resolution on non-conference shipping lines adopted by the Conference of Plenipotentiaries, as reproduced in annex II-2 to this convention, the Government of the Kingdom of Belgium shall not prevent non-conference shipping lines from operating, provided that they compete with the conferences on a commercial basis, respecting the principle of fair competition. This government confirms its intention to abide by the said Resolution.
  2. The Government of the Kingdom of Belgium declares that it will implement the Convention and its annexes in accord- ance with the basic concepts and considerations herein stated and, in so doing, is not precluded by the Convention from taking appropriate steps in the event that another contracting party adopts measures or practices that prevent fair competition on a commercial basis in its liner trades.

• BENIN

  Sitoutumispäivä: 27.10.1975 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 06.10.1983

• BURKINA FASO

  Sitoutumispäivä: 30.03.1989 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: -

• BURUNDI

  Sitoutumispäivä: 02.11.2005 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 02.05.2006

• CHILE

  Sitoutumispäivä: 25.06.1975 A
  Voimaantulopäivä: 06.10.1983

• COSTA RICA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 27.10.1978 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 06.10.1983

• EGYPTI

  Sitoutumispäivä: 25.01.1979 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 06.10.1983

• ESPANJA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 03.02.1994 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 03.08.1994
  Varauma:

  Reservation 1:
  For the purposes of implementing the Code of Conduct, the concept of a "national shipping line" may, in the case of a State member of the European Economic Community, include any vessel-operating shipping line established in the territory of that State, in accordance with the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community.
  Reservation 2:
  (a) Without prejudice to the text of (b) below, article 2 of the Code of Conduct shall not apply in conference trades between States members of the Community and, on the basis of reciprocity, between these States and other Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries which are parties to the Code.
  (b) The text of (a) above shall not affect the opportunities for participation in such trades, as third-country shipping lines, in accordance with the principles set out in article 2 of the Code, by the shipping lines of a developing country which are recognized as national shipping lines under the Code and which are:
  (I) Members of a conference which ensures such trades, or
  (II) Admitted to membership of that conference under article 1, paragraph 3, of the Code.
  Reservation 3:
  Article 3 and article 14, paragraph 9, of the Code shall not apply in conference trades between States members of the Community and, on the basis of reciprocity, between these States and other OECD countries which are parties to the Code.
  Reservation 4:
  In trades to which article 3 of the Code applies, the final sentence of that article shall be interpreted as follows:
  (a) The two groups of national shipping lines shall coordinate their positions prior to voting on issues relating to trade between their two countries.
  (b) This sentence shall apply solely to issues which, under the conference agreement, require the consent of the two groups of national shipping lines concerned, and not to all issues dealt with in the conference agreement.
  Declaration:
  A. The Government of Spain considers that the United Nations Convention on a Code of Conduct for Liner Conferences provides the shipping lines of developing countries with ample opportunities to participate in the liner conference system, and that it has been drafted in such a manner as to regulate conferences and their activities within a system of free trade (where there are opportunities for non-conference shipping lines).
  This Government also deems it essential to the functioning of the Code and of the conferences whose regulation is referred to that there should continue to be opportunities for fair competition on a commercial basis for non-conference shipping lines, and that shippers should not be denied an option in the choice between conference shipping lines and non-conference shipping lines, subject to any loyalty arrangements where they exist. These basic concepts are reflected in several provisions of the Code itself, including its objectives and principles, and are expressly set out in resolution No. 2, concerning non-conference shipping lines, adopted by the United Nations Conference of Plenipotentiaries.
  B. This Government further believes that any regulation or other measures adopted by a Contracting Party to the United Nations Convention and having the purpose or effect of eliminating such opportunities for competition for non-conference shipping lines would be incompatible with the basic concepts mentioned above, and would effect a radical change in the circumstances under which conferences subject to the Code are envisaged as operative. Nothing in the Convention requires other Contracting Parties to accept either the validity of such regulations, or measures or situations whereby conferences, through such regulations or measures, would, in practice, acquire a monopoly on trades subject to the Code.
  C. The Government of Spain declares that it will implement the Convention in accordance with the basic concepts and conclusions stipulated herein and that, accordingly, the Convention shall not prevent it from taking appropriate steps in the event that another Contracting Party adopts measures or practices which impede fair competition on a commercial basis in liner shipping service.

• ETELÄ-KOREA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 11.05.1979 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 06.10.1983

• ETIOPIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 01.09.1978 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 06.10.1983

• FILIPPIINIT

  Sitoutumispäivä: 02.03.1976 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 06.10.1983

• GABON

  Sitoutumispäivä: 05.06.1978 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 06.10.1983

• GAMBIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 30.06.1975 A
  Voimaantulopäivä: 06.10.1983

• GHANA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 24.06.1975 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 06.10.1983

• GUATEMALA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 03.03.1976 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 06.10.1983

• GUINEA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 19.08.1980 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 06.10.1983

• GUYANA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 07.01.1980 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 06.10.1983

• HONDURAS

  Sitoutumispäivä: 12.06.1979 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 06.10.1983

• HONGKONG

  Sitoutumispäivä: -
  Voimaantulopäivä: -

• INDONESIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 11.01.1977 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 06.10.1983

• INTIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 14.02.1978 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 06.10.1983
  Varauma:

  "In confirmation of paragraph (2) of the statement filed by the Representative of India on behalf of the Group of 77 on 8 April 1974 at the United Nations Conference of Plenipotentiaries on a Code of Conduct for Liner Conferences, it is the understanding of the Government of India that the inter-govern mental shipping services established in accordance with inter-governmental agreements fall outside the purview of the Convention on the Code of Conduct for Liner Conferences regardless of the origin of the cargo, their destination or the use for which they are intended."

• IRAK

  Sitoutumispäivä: 25.10.1978 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 06.10.1983
  Varauma:

  The accession shall in no way signify recognition of Israel or entry into any relation therewith.

• ITALIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 30.05.1989 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: -
  Varauma:

  Reservation:
  1. In application of the Code of Conduct, the concept of a "national shipping line" may, in the case of a member State of the European Community, include all shipping companies established on the territory of that member State in accordance with the treaty setting up the European Economic Community.
  2. (a) Without prejudice to the text of paragraph (b) of this reservation, article 2 of the Code of Conduct shall not be applied in trade carried by a conference between the member States of the Community and, on a reciprocal basis, between those States and the other OECD countries parties to the Code,
  (b) The text of paragraph (a) shall not affect the opportunities for shipping lines of developing countries, as third-country shipping lines, to take part in such trade in accordance with the principles set out in article 2 of the Code, provided they have been recognized as national shipping lines under the terms of the Code and:
  (i) Are already members of a conference carrying such trade, or
  (ii) Have been accepted for membership of such a confer- ence under the provisions of article 1(3) of the Code.
  3. Article 3 and article 14(9) of the Code of Conduct shall not be applied in trade carried out by a conference between the member States of the Community and, on a reciprocal basis, between those countries and the other OECD countries parties to the Code.
  4. In any trade to which article 3 of the Code of Conduct applies, the last sentence of the article is taken to mean that:
  (a) The two groups of national shipping lines shall co-ordinate their positions before voting on matters relating to trade between their two countries;
  (b) The sentence shall be applied solely to matters defined in a conference agreement as requiring the consent of the two groups of national shipping lines concerned and not to all matters covered by the conference agreement.
  Declaration:
  The Government of the Republic of Italy
  - Will not prevent non-conference lines from operating as long as they compete with conferences on a commercial basis while adhering to the principle of fair competition, in accordance with the Resolution on non-conference lines adopted by the Conference of Plenipotentiaries;
  - Confirms its intention of acting in accordance with the said Resolution."

• JAMAIKA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 20.07.1982 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 06.10.1983

• JORDANIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 17.03.1980 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 06.10.1983

• KAMERUN

  Sitoutumispäivä: 15.06.1976 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 06.10.1983

• KAP VERDE

  Sitoutumispäivä: 13.01.1978 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 06.10.1983

• KENIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 27.02.1978 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 06.10.1983

• KESKI-AFRIKAN TASAVALTA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 13.05.1977 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 06.10.1983

• KIINA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 23.09.1980 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 06.10.1983
  Varauma:

  The joint shipping services established between the People´s Republic of China and any other country through consultations and on a basis that the parties concerned may deem appropriate, are totally different from liner conferences in nature, and the provisions of the United Nations Convention on a Code of Conduct for Liner Conferences shall not be applicable thereto.
  
  Upon resuming the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong, China notified the Secretary-General that the Convention with the reservation made by China will also apply to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
  In addition, the notification made by the Government of China contained the following declaration:
  1. (A) Without prejudice to paragraph 1 (B) of this reservation, article 2 of the Convention shall not be applied in conference trades, on a reciprocal basis, between the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and any State which has made a reservation disapplying article 2 in respect of its trade with the People´s Republic of China.
  (B) Paragraph 1 (A) above shall not affect the opportunity of shipping lines of a developing country for participation as third country shipping lines in such trades in accordance with the principles reflected in article 2 of the Convention, or the shipping lines of a developing country which are recognised as national shipping lines under the Convention and which are:
  (a) Already members of a conference serving these trades: or
  (b) Admitted to such a conference under article 1(3) of the Convention.
  2. In trades where article 2 of the Convention applies, shipping lines incorporated in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region will, subject to reciprocity, allow participation in redistribution by lines from any country which has agreed to allow participation by lines of the People´s Republic of China in redistribution in respect of its trades.
  3. Article 3 and article 14 (9) of the Convention shall not be applied in conference trades, on a reciprocal basis, between the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and any State which has made a reservation disapplying article 3 and article 14 (9) in respect of its trade with the People´s Republic of China.
  4. In trade to which article 3 of the Convention applies, the last sentence of that article is interpreted as meaning that:
  (A) The two groups of national shipping lines will coordinate their position before voting on matters concerning the trade between their two countries; and
  (B) This sentence applies solely to matters which the conference agreement identifies as requiring the assent of both groups of national shipping lines concerned, and not to all matters covered by the conference agreement.
  
  
  Alueellinen soveltaminen: Sovelletaan myös Hongkongiin 1.7.1997 lukien.

• KONGO-BRAZZAVILLE

  Sitoutumispäivä: 26.07.1982 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 06.10.1983

• KONGO-KINSHASA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 25.07.1977 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 06.10.1983

• KUUBA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 23.07.1976 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 06.10.1983
  Varauma:

  Reservation:
  The Republic of Cuba enters a reservation concerning the provisions of article 2, paragraph 17, of the Convention, to the effect that Cuba will not apply said paragraph to goods carried by joint liner services for the carriage of any cargo, established in accordance with inter-governmental agreements, regardless of their origin, their destination or the use for which they are intended.
  Declaration:
  With regard to the definitions in the first paragraph of part one, chapter I, the Republic of Cuba does not accept the inclusion in the concept of "Liner conference or conference" of joint liner services for the carriage of any type of cargo, established in accordance with inter-governmental agreements.

• KUWAIT

  Sitoutumispäivä: 31.03.1986 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: -
  Varauma:

  Understanding:
  The accession to the Convention does not mean in any way a recognition of Israel by the Government of Kuwait.

• LIBANON

  Sitoutumispäivä: 30.04.1982 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 06.10.1983

• LIBERIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 16.09.2005 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 16.03.2006

• MADAGASKAR

  Sitoutumispäivä: 23.12.1977 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 06.10.1983

• MALESIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 27.08.1982 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 06.10.1983

• MALI

  Sitoutumispäivä: 15.03.1978 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 06.10.1983

• MAROKKO

  Sitoutumispäivä: 11.02.1980 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 06.10.1983

• MAURITANIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 21.03.1988 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: -

• MAURITIUS

  Sitoutumispäivä: 16.09.1980 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 06.10.1983

• MEKSIKO

  Sitoutumispäivä: 06.05.1976 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 06.10.1983

• MONTENEGRO

  Sitoutumispäivä: 23.10.2006 VS
  Voimaantulopäivä: 03.06.2006

• MOSAMBIK

  Sitoutumispäivä: 21.09.1990 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: -

• NIGER

  Sitoutumispäivä: 13.01.1976 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 06.10.1983

• NIGERIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 10.09.1975 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 06.10.1983

• NORJA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 28.06.1985 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: -
  Varauma:

  [Same declarations and reservations, identical in essence, as those made by Denmark.]

• NORSUNLUURANNIKKO

  Sitoutumispäivä: 17.02.1977 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 06.10.1983

• PAKISTAN

  Sitoutumispäivä: 27.06.1975 A
  Voimaantulopäivä: 06.10.1983

• PERU

  Sitoutumispäivä: 21.11.1978 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 06.10.1983
  Varauma:

  The Government of Peru does not regard itself as being bound by the provisions of chapter II, article 2, paragraph 4, of the Convention.

• PORTUGALI

  Sitoutumispäivä: 13.06.1990 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: -
  Varauma:

  A. Reservations:
  1. In application of the Code of Conduct, the term "national shipping line" may, in the case of a Member State of the European Community, include any vessel-operating shipping line established on the territory of such Member State in accordance with the EEC Treaty.
  2 (a) Without prejudice to paragraph (b) of this reserva- tion, article 2 of the Code of Conduct shall not be applied in conference trades between the Member States of the Community and, on a reciprocal basis, between such States and the other OECD countries which are parties to the Code.
  (b) The text of paragraph (a) shall not affect the opportunities for participation as third country shipping lines in such trades, in accordance with the principles reflected in article 2 of the Code, of the shipping lines of a developing country which are recognized as national shipping lines under the Code and which are:
  (i) Already members of a conference serving these trade; or
  (ii) Admitted to such a conference under article 1 (3) of the Code.
  3. Articles 3 and 14 (9) of the Code of Conduct shall not be applied in conference trades between the Member States of the Community and, on a reciprocal basis, between such States and the other OECD countries which are parties to the Code. In trades to which Article 3 of the Code of Conduct applies, the last sentence of that Article is interpreted as meaning that:
  - The two groups of national shipping lines will co-ordinate their positions before voting on matters concerning the trade between their two countries;
  - This sentence applies solely to matters which the conference agreement identifies as requiring the assent of both groups of national shipping lines concerned, and not to all matters covered by the conference agreement.
  B. Declarations:
  1. The Government of Portugal considers that the United Nations Convention on a Code of Conduct for Liner Conferences affords the shipping lines of developing countries extended opportunities to participate in the conference system and is drafted so as to regulate conferences and their activities in open trades. The Government also considers that it is essential for the functioning of the Code and conferences subject thereto that opportunities for fair competition on a commercial basis by non-conference shipping lines continue to exist and that shippers are not denied an option in the choice between conference shipping lines and non-conference shipping lines, subject to loyalty arrangements where they exist. These basic concepts are reflected in a number of provisions of the Code itself, including its objectives and principles, and they are expressly set out in Resolution No. 2 on non-conference shipping lines adopted by the United Nations Conference of Plenipotentiaries.
  2. The Government considers furthermore that any regulations or other measures adopted by a Contracting Party to the Convention with the aim or effect of eliminating such opportu- nities for competition by non-conference shipping lines would be inconsistent with the above-mentioned basic concepts and would bring about a radical change in the circumstances in which conferences subject to the Code are envisaged as operating. Nothing in the Convention obliges other Contracting Parties to accept either the validity of such regulations or measures or situations where conferences, by virtue of such regulations or measures, acquire effective monopoly in trades subject to the Code.
  3. The Government of Portugal declares that it will implement the Convention in accordance with the basic concepts and considerations herein stated and, in so doing, is not precluded by the Convention from taking appropriate steps in the event that another Contracting Party adopts measures or practices that prevent fair competition on a commercial basis in its liner trade.

• QATAR

  Sitoutumispäivä: 31.10.1994 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 30.04.1995

• RANSKA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 04.10.1985 H
  Voimaantulopäivä: -
  Varauma:

  Declaration made upon signature:
  Under the French Constitution, approval of the Convention is subject to authorization by Parliament.
  It is understood that this approval is conditional upon compliance with the commitments undertaken by France under the Treaty of Rome establishing the European Economic Community and the Code of Liberalisation of invisible trade of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, taking into account any reservations which the French Govern- ment may deem fit to make to the provisions of this Convention.
  Reservations made upon approval:
  [Same reservations, identical in essence, as those made by Denmark.]

• ROMANIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 07.01.1982 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 06.10.1983

• RUOTSI

  Sitoutumispäivä: 28.06.1985 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: -
  Varauma:

  Reservations and declarations:
  [Same declarations and reservations, identical in essence, as those made by Denmark.]

• SAMBIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 08.04.1988 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: -

• SAUDI-ARABIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 24.05.1985 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: -

• SENEGAL

  Sitoutumispäivä: 20.05.1977 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 06.10.1983

• SERBIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 12.03.2001 VS
  Voimaantulopäivä: 27.04.1992

• SIERRA LEONE

  Sitoutumispäivä: 09.07.1979 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 06.10.1983

• SLOVAKIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 28.05.1993 VS
  Voimaantulopäivä: 01.01.1993
  Varauma:

  The provisions of the Code of Conduct do not apply to joint line services established on the basis of intergovernmental agreements for serving the bilateral trade;
  Eventual one-sided regulation of the activity of non-conference lines by legislation of individual States would be considered incompatible on the part of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, with the main aims and principles of the Convention and would not be recognized as valids.

• SOMALIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 14.11.1988 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: -

• SRI LANKA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 30.06.1975 A
  Voimaantulopäivä: 06.10.1983

• SUDAN

  Sitoutumispäivä: 16.03.1978 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 06.10.1983

• TANSANIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 03.11.1975 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 06.10.1983

• TOGO

  Sitoutumispäivä: 12.01.1978 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 06.10.1983

• TRINIDAD JA TOBAGO

  Sitoutumispäivä: 03.08.1983 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: -

• TSHEKKI

  Sitoutumispäivä: 02.06.1993 VS
  Voimaantulopäivä: 01.01.1993
  Varauma:

  The provisions of the Code of Conduct do not apply to joint line services established on the basis of intergovernmental agreements for serving the bilateral trade;
  Eventual one-sided regulation of the activity of non-conference lines by legislation of individual States would be considered incompatible on the part of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, with the main aims and principles of the Convention and would not be recognized as valids.

• TUNISIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 15.03.1979 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 06.10.1983

• URUGUAY

  Sitoutumispäivä: 09.07.1979 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 06.10.1983

• VENEZUELA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 30.06.1975 A
  Voimaantulopäivä: 06.10.1983

• VENÄJÄ

  Sitoutumispäivä: 28.06.1979 H
  Voimaantulopäivä: 06.10.1983
  Varauma:

  The Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics considers that the provisions of the Convention on a Code of Conduct for Liner Conferences do not apply to joint shipping lines established on the basis of intergovernmental agreements to serve bilateral trade between the countries concerned.